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2 Samuel 22-24
2 Samuel 22
1David spoke to Yahweh the words of this song in the day that Yahweh delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul:
2and he said, "Yahweh is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer, even mine;
3God, my rock, in him I will take refuge; my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge. My savior, you save me from violence.
4I will call on Yahweh, who is worthy to be praised: So shall I be saved from my enemies.
5For the waves of death surrounded me. The floods of ungodliness made me afraid.
6The cords of Sheol were around me. The snares of death caught me.
7In my distress I called on Yahweh. Yes, I called to my God. He heard my voice out of his temple. My cry [came] into his ears.
8Then the earth shook and trembled. The foundations of heaven quaked and were shaken, because he was angry.
9Smoke went up out of his nostrils. Fire out of his mouth devoured. Coals were kindled by it.
10He bowed the heavens also, and came down. Thick darkness was under his feet.
11He rode on a cherub, and flew. Yes, he was seen on the wings of the wind.
12He made darkness pavilions around himself: gathering of waters, and thick clouds of the skies.
13At the brightness before him, coals of fire were kindled.
14Yahweh thundered from heaven. The Most High uttered his voice.
15He sent out arrows, and scattered them; lightning, and confused them.
16Then the channels of the sea appeared. The foundations of the world were laid bare by the rebuke of Yahweh, At the blast of the breath of his nostrils.
17He sent from on high and he took me. He drew me out of many waters.
18He delivered me from my strong enemy, from those who hated me, for they were too mighty for me.
19They came on me in the day of my calamity, but Yahweh was my support.
20He also brought me out into a large place. He delivered me, because he delighted in me.
21Yahweh rewarded me according to my righteousness. He rewarded me according to the cleanness of my hands.
22For I have kept the ways of Yahweh, and have not wickedly departed from my God.
23For all his ordinances were before me. As for his statutes, I did not depart from them.
24I was also perfect toward him. I kept myself from my iniquity.
25Therefore Yahweh has rewarded me according to my righteousness, According to my cleanness in his eyesight.
26With the merciful you will show yourself merciful. With the perfect man you will show yourself perfect.
27With the pure you will show yourself pure. With the crooked you will show yourself shrewd.
28You will save the afflicted people, But your eyes are on the haughty, that you may bring them down.
29For you are my lamp, Yahweh. Yahweh will light up my darkness.
30For by you, I run against a troop. By my God, I leap over a wall.
31As for God, his way is perfect. The word of Yahweh is tested. He is a shield to all those who take refuge in him.
32For who is God, besides Yahweh? Who is a rock, besides our God?
33God is my strong fortress. He makes my way perfect.
34He makes his feet like hinds' [feet], and sets me on my high places.
35He teaches my hands to war, so that my arms bend a bow of brass.
36You have also given me the shield of your salvation. Your gentleness has made me great.
37You have enlarged my steps under me. My feet have not slipped.
38I have pursued my enemies and destroyed them. I didn't turn again until they were consumed.
39I have consumed them, and struck them through, so that they can't arise. Yes, they have fallen under my feet.
40For you have armed me with strength for the battle. You have subdued under me those who rose up against me.
41You have also made my enemies turn their backs to me, that I might cut off those who hate me.
42They looked, but there was none to save; even to Yahweh, but he didn't answer them.
43Then I beat them as small as the dust of the earth. I crushed them as the mire of the streets, and spread them abroad.
44You also have delivered me from the strivings of my people. You have kept me to be the head of the nations. A people whom I have not known will serve me.
45The foreigners will submit themselves to me. As soon as they hear of me, they will obey me.
46The foreigners will fade away, and will come trembling out of their close places.
47Yahweh lives! Blessed be my rock! Exalted be God, the rock of my salvation,
48even the God who executes vengeance for me, who brings down peoples under me,
49who brings me away from my enemies. Yes, you lift me up above those who rise up against me. You deliver me from the violent man.
50Therefore I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, among the nations. Will sing praises to your name.
51He gives great deliverance to his king, and shows loving kindness to his anointed, to David and to his seed, forevermore."
2 Samuel 23
1Now these are the last words of David. David the son of Jesse says, the man who was raised on high says, the anointed of the God of Jacob, the sweet psalmist of Israel:
2"The Spirit of Yahweh spoke by me. His word was on my tongue.
3The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spoke to me, 'One who rules over men righteously, who rules in the fear of God,
4shall be as the light of the morning, when the sun rises, a morning without clouds, when the tender grass springs out of the earth, through clear shining after rain.'
5Most certainly my house is not so with God, yet he has made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things, and sure, for it is all my salvation, and all [my] desire, although he doesn't make it grow.
6But all of the ungodly shall be as thorns to be thrust away, because they can't be taken with the hand,
7But the man who touches them must be armed with iron and the staff of a spear. They shall be utterly burned with fire in their place."
8These are the names of the mighty men whom David had: Josheb Basshebeth a Tahchemonite, chief of the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite, against eight hundred slain at one time.
9After him was Eleazar the son of Dodai the son of an Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines who were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away.
10He arose, and struck the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand froze to the sword; and Yahweh worked a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to take spoil.
11After him was Shammah the son of Agee a Hararite. The Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where there was a plot of ground full of lentils; and the people fled from the Philistines.
12But he stood in the midst of the plot, and defended it, and killed the Philistines; and Yahweh worked a great victory.
13Three of the thirty chief men went down, and came to David in the harvest time to the cave of Adullam; and the troop of the Philistines was encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
14David was then in the stronghold; and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Bethlehem.
15David longed, and said, "Oh that one would give me water to drink of the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!"
16The three mighty men broke through the army of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: but he would not drink of it, but poured it out to Yahweh.
17He said, "Be it far from me, Yahweh, that I should do this! Isn't it the blood of the men who went in jeopardy of their lives?" Therefore he would not drink it. The three mighty men did these things.
18Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the three. He lifted up his spear against three hundred and killed them, and had a name among the three.
19Wasn't he most honorable of the three? therefore he was made their captain: however he didn't attain to the [first] three.
20Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done mighty deeds, he killed the two [sons of] Ariel of Moab: he went down also and killed a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow.
21He killed an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and killed him with his own spear.
22These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had a name among the three mighty men.
23He was more honorable than the thirty, but he didn't attain to the [first] three. David set him over his guard.
24Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,
25Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite,
26Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
27Abiezer the Anathothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite,
28Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite,
29Heleb the son of Baanah the Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin,
30Benaiah a Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash.
31Abialbon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,
32Eliahba the Shaalbonite, the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,
33Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Ararite,
34Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maacathite, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,
35Hezro the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite,
36Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,
37Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, armor bearers to Joab the son of Zeruiah,
38Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,
39Uriah the Hittite: thirty-seven in all.
2 Samuel 24
1Again the anger of Yahweh was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them, saying, "Go, number Israel and Judah."
2The king said to Joab the captain of the army, who was with him, "Now go back and forth through all the tribes of Israel, from Dan even to Beersheba, and number the people, that I may know the sum of the people."
3Joab said to the king, "Now may Yahweh your God add to the people, however many they may be, one hundred times; and may the eyes of my lord the king see it. But why does my lord the king delight in this thing?"
4Notwithstanding, the king's word prevailed against Joab, and against the captains of the army. Joab and the captains of the army went out from the presence of the king, to number the people of Israel.
5They passed over the Jordan, and encamped in Aroer, on the right side of the city that is in the middle of the valley of Gad, and to Jazer:
6then they came to Gilead, and to the land of Tahtim Hodshi; and they came to Dan Jaan, and around to Sidon,
7and came to the stronghold of Tyre, and to all the cities of the Hivites, and of the Canaanites; and they went out to the south of Judah, at Beersheba.
8So when they had gone back and forth through all the land, they came to Jerusalem at the end of nine months and twenty days.
9Joab gave up the sum of the numbering of the people to the king: and there were in Israel eight hundred thousand valiant men who drew the sword; and the men of Judah were five hundred thousand men.
10David's heart struck him after that he had numbered the people. David said to Yahweh, "I have sinned greatly in that which I have done. But now, Yahweh, put away, I beg you, the iniquity of your servant; for I have done very foolishly."
11When David rose up in the morning, the word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad, David's seer, saying,
12"Go and speak to David, 'Thus says Yahweh, "I offer you three things. Choose one of them, that I may do it to you."'"
13So Gad came to David, and told him, and said to him, "Shall seven years of famine come to you in your land? Or will you flee three months before your foes while they pursue you? Or shall there be three days' pestilence in your land? Now answer, and consider what answer I shall return to him who sent me."
14David said to Gad, "I am in distress. Let us fall now into the hand of Yahweh; for his mercies are great. Let me not fall into the hand of man."
15So Yahweh sent a pestilence on Israel from the morning even to the appointed time; and there died of the people from Dan even to Beersheba seventy thousand men.
16When the angel stretched out his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it, Yahweh relented of the disaster, and said to the angel who destroyed the people, "It is enough. Now stay your hand." The angel of Yahweh was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
17David spoke to Yahweh when he saw the angel who struck the people, and said, "Behold, I have sinned, and I have done perversely; but these sheep, what have they done? Please let your hand be against me, and against my father's house."
18Gad came that day to David, and said to him, "Go up, build an altar to Yahweh on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite."
19David went up according to the saying of Gad, as Yahweh commanded.
20Araunah looked out, and saw the king and his servants coming on toward him. Then Araunah went out, and bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground.
21Araunah said, "Why has my lord the king come to his servant?" David said, "To buy your threshing floor, to build an altar to Yahweh, that the plague may be stopped from afflicting the people."
22Araunah said to David, "Let my lord the king take and offer up what seems good to him. Behold, the cattle for the burnt offering, and the threshing instruments and the yokes of the oxen for the wood:
23all this, king, does Araunah give to the king." Araunah said to the king, "May Yahweh your God accept you."
24The king said to Araunah, "No; but I will most certainly buy it from you for a price. I will not offer burnt offerings to Yahweh my God which cost me nothing." So David bought the threshing floor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver.
25David built an altar to Yahweh there, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. So Yahweh was entreated for the land, and the plague was stayed from Israel.
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Abi-Albon: One of David's Heroes 2 Samuel 23:31
Abi-albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite,
Abiezer: One of David's Heroes 2 Samuel 23:27
Abiezer the Anathothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite,
Abishai: One of David's Chief Men 2 Samuel 23:18
Now Abishai, the brother of Joab and son of Zeruiah, was chief of the Three, and he lifted his spear against three hundred men, killed them, and won a name along with the Three.
Adino: One of David's Valiant Men 2 Samuel 23:8
These are the names of David’s mighty men: Josheb-basshebeth the Tahchemonite was chief of the Three. He wielded his spear against eight hundred men, whom he killed at one time.
Adullam: A Cave Near the Dead Sea: David Takes Refuge In 2 Samuel 23:13
At harvest time, three of the thirty chief men went down to David at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim.
Afflictions and Adversities: Consolation In 2 Samuel 22:28
You save an afflicted people, but Your eyes are on the haughty to bring them down.
Afflictions and Adversities: Prayer In 2 Samuel 22:7
In my distress I called upon the LORD; I cried out to my God. And from His temple He heard my voice, and my cry for help reached His ears.
Afflictions and Adversities: Resignation In, Exemplified 2 Samuel 24:14
David answered Gad, “I am deeply distressed. Please, let us fall into the hand of the LORD, for His mercies are great; but do not let me fall into the hands of men.”
Agee: Father of Shammah 2 Samuel 23:11
And after him was Shammah son of Agee the Hararite. When the Philistines had banded together near a field full of lentils, Israel’s troops fled from them.
Ahasbai: Father of Eliphelet 2 Samuel 23:34
Eliphelet son of Ahasbai the Maacathite, Eliam son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,
Ahiam: One of David's Heroes 2 Samuel 23:33
son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam son of Sharar the Hararite,
Ahijah: One of David's Heroes: Also Called Eliam 2 Samuel 23:34
Eliphelet son of Ahasbai the Maacathite, Eliam son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,
Aliens: Numerous in Times of David and Solomon 2 Samuel 22:45, 46
Foreigners cower before me; when they hear me, they obey me. / Foreigners lose heart and come trembling from their strongholds.
Altar: Built by David 2 Samuel 24:18, 19
And that day Gad came to David and said to him, “Go up and build an altar to the LORD on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.” / So David went up at the word of Gad, just as the LORD had commanded.
Altars of David 2 Samuel 24:21, 25
“Why has my lord the king come to his servant?” Araunah said. “To buy your threshing floor,” David replied, “that I may build an altar to the LORD, so that the plague upon the people may be halted.” / And there he built an altar to the LORD and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. Then the LORD answered the prayers on behalf of the land, and the plague upon Israel was halted.
Anathoth: City of Refuge in Benjamin: Birthplace of Abiezer 2 Samuel 23:27
Abiezer the Anathothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite,
Angel (A Spirit): Appearances of To David, at the Threshing Floor of Araunah 2 Samuel 24:16, 17
But when the angel stretched out his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who was destroying the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand now!” At that time the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. / When David saw the angel striking down the people, he said to the LORD, “Surely I, the shepherd, have sinned and acted wickedly. But these sheep, what have they done? Please, let Your hand fall upon me and my father’s house.”
Angel (A Spirit): Execute Judgments Upon the Wicked 2 Samuel 24:16, 17
But when the angel stretched out his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who was destroying the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand now!” At that time the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. / When David saw the angel striking down the people, he said to the LORD, “Surely I, the shepherd, have sinned and acted wickedly. But these sheep, what have they done? Please, let Your hand fall upon me and my father’s house.”
Angel (Holy Trinity): One of the Holy Trinity: Called Angel of the Lord 2 Samuel 24:16
But when the angel stretched out his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who was destroying the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand now!” At that time the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
Angels: Execute the Judgments of God 2 Samuel 24:16
But when the angel stretched out his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who was destroying the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand now!” At that time the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
Anger: Anger of God 2 Samuel 22:8, 9
Then the earth shook and quaked; the foundations of the heavens trembled; they were shaken because He burned with anger. / Smoke rose from His nostrils, and consuming fire came from His mouth; glowing coals blazed forth.
Anthropomorphisms: Miscellaneous Figures 2 Samuel 24:16
But when the angel stretched out his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who was destroying the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand now!” At that time the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.
Araunah: A Jebusite from Whom David Bought a Site for an Altar 2 Samuel 24:16–24
But when the angel stretched out his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who was destroying the people, “Enough! Withdraw your hand now!” At that time the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. / When David saw the angel striking down the people, he said to the LORD, “Surely I, the shepherd, have sinned and acted wickedly. But these sheep, what have they done? Please, let Your hand fall upon me and my father’s house.” / And that day Gad came to David and said to him, “Go up and build an altar to the LORD on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.”
Armies: Enumeration of Israel's Military Forces 2 Samuel 24:1–9
Again the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He stirred up David against them, saying, “Go and take a census of Israel and Judah.” / So the king said to Joab the commander of his army, who was with him, “Go now throughout the tribes of Israel from Dan to Beersheba and register the troops, so that I may know their number.” / But Joab replied to the king, “May the LORD your God multiply the troops a hundred times over, and may the eyes of my lord the king see it. But why does my lord the king want to do such a thing?”
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Matthew Henry Concise Commentary
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2 Samuel 23:1-7 Verses 1-7
These words of David are very worthy of regard. Let those who have had long experience of God's goodness, and the pleasantness of heavenly wisdom, when they come to finish their course, bear their testimony to the truth of the promise. David avows his Divine inspiration, that the Spirit of God spake by him. He, and other holy men, spake and wrote as they were moved by the Holy Ghost. In many things he had his own neglect and wrong conduct to blame. But David comforted himself that the Lord had made with him an everlasting covenant. By this he principally intended the covenant of mercy and peace, which the Lord made with him as a sinner, who believed in the promised Saviour, who embraced the promised blessing, who yielded up himself to the Lord, to be his redeemed servant. Believers shall for ever enjoy covenant blessings; and God the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, shall be for ever glorified in their salvation. Thus pardon, righteousness, grace, and eternal life, are secured as the gift of God through Jesus Christ. There is an infinite fulness of grace and all blessings treasured up in Christ, for those who seek his salvation. This covenant was all David's salvation, he so well knew the holy law of God and the extent of his own sinfulness, that he perceived what was needful for his own case in this salvation. It was therefore all his desire. In comparison, all earthly objects lost their attractions; he was willing to give them up, or to die and leave them, that he might enjoy full happiness, Ps 73:24-28. Still the power of evil, and the weakness of his faith, hope, and love, were his grief and burden. Doubtless he would have allowed that his own slackness and want of care were the cause; but the hope that he should soon be made perfect in glory, encouraged him in his dying moments.
2 Samuel 23:8-39 Verses 8-39
David once earnestly longed for the water at the well of Bethlehem. It seems to be an instance of weakness. He was thirsty; with the water of that well he had often refreshed himself when a youth, and it was without due thought that he desired it. Were his valiant men so forward to expose themselves, upon the least hint of their prince's mind, and so eager to please him, and shall not we long to approve ourselves to our Lord Jesus, by ready compliance with his will, as shown us by his word, Spirit, and providence? But David poured out the water as a drink-offering to the Lord. Thus he would cross his own foolish fancy, and punish himself for indulging it, and show that he had sober thoughts to correct his rash ones, and knew how to deny himself. Did David look upon that water as very precious which was got at the hazard of these men's blood, and shall not we much more value those benefits for purchasing which our blessed Saviour shed his blood? Let all beware of neglecting so great salvation.
2 Samuel 24:1-9 Verses 1-9
For the people's sin David was left to act wrong, and in his chastisement they received punishment. This example throws light upon God's government of the world, and furnishes a useful lesson. The pride of David's heart, was his sin in numbering of the people. He thought thereby to appear the more formidable, trusting in an arm of flesh more than he should have done, and though he had written so much of trusting in God only. God judges not of sin as we do. What appears to us harmless, or, at least, but a small offence, may be a great sin in the eye of God, who discerns the thoughts and intents of the heart. Even ungodly men can discern evil tempers and wrong conduct in believers, of which they themselves often remain unconscious. But God seldom allows those whom he loves the pleasures they sinfully covet.
2 Samuel 24:10-15 Verses 10-15
It is well, when a man has sinned, if he has a heart within to smite him for it. If we confess our sins, we may pray in faith that God would forgive them, and take away, by pardoning mercy, that sin which we cast away by sincere repentance. What we make the matter of our pride, it is just in God to take from us, or make bitter to us, and make it our punishment. This must be such a punishment as the people have a large share in, for though it was David's sin that opened the sluice, the sins of the people all contributed to the flood. In this difficulty, David chose a judgment which came immediately from God, whose mercies he knew to be very great, rather than from men, who would have triumphed in the miseries of Israel, and have been thereby hardened in their idolatry. He chose the pestilence; he and his family would be as much exposed to it as the poorest Israelite; and he would continue for a shorter time under the Divine rebuke, however severe it was. The rapid destruction by the pestilence shows how easily God can bring down the proudest sinners, and how much we owe daily to the Divine patience.
2 Samuel 24:16-17 Verses 16, 17
Perhaps there was more wickedness, especially more pride, and that was the sin now chastised, in Jerusalem than elsewhere, therefore the hand of the destroyer is stretched out upon that city; but the Lord repented him of the evil, changed not his mind, but his way. In the very place where Abraham was stayed from slaying his son, this angel, by a like countermand, was stayed from destroying Jerusalem. It is for the sake of the great Sacrifice, that our forfeited lives are preserved from the destroying angel. And in David is the spirit of a true shepherd of the people, offering himself as a sacrifice to God, for the salvation of his subjects.
2 Samuel 24:18-25 Verses 18-25
God's encouraging us to offer to him spiritual sacrifices, is an evidence of his reconciling us to himself. David purchased the ground to build the altar. God hates robbery for burnt-offering. Those know not what religion is, who chiefly care to make it cheap and easy to themselves, and who are best pleased with that which costs them least pains or money. For what have we our substance, but to honour God with it; and how can it be better bestowed? See the building of the altar, and the offering proper sacrifices upon it. Burnt-offerings to the glory of God's justice; peace-offerings to the glory of his mercy. Christ is our Altar, our Sacrifice; in him alone we may expect to escape his wrath, and to find favour with God. Death is destroying all around, in so many forms, and so suddenly, that it is madness not to expect and prepare for the close of life.